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LOFAR Newsletter March 2025
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Retirement of Early LOFAR Cycle data (Cycle 0 to Cycle 6)

Events

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Daily image

Successful observations with first ALF demonstrator

© The ALF team, ASTRON

Within just under 6 months after the project started, the ALF team has already managed to design, build, mount and operate the very first ALF demonstrator. This is a very rudimentary system, but with sufficient complexity that success was not a given, and the timeline was ambitious. In addition to the highly motivated team, the very nice March weather has definitely helped to ensure the telescope was ready well in time.

Last week Wednesday the demonstrator was mounted on WSRT RT2 and since then several observations have been taken. Of course these included the infamous pulsar B0329+54, shown in the image. The pulsar signal was clearly visible in the first raw recorded data without any further processing, as shown in the dynamic spectrum and time series. The other pictures in the slide show are an impression of the mounting and the first detection of one of the Galileo satellites.

The instrument is based around a new LNA, which is connected to the MFFE L-band horn and OMT (orthomode transducer). A sensitive receiver chain further conditions the signal to be captured with a SDR, all included in the feed box. The data capturing is performed on a computer that can offload the data offline to a processing cluster.

This first demonstrator has been essential to verify that the basic design of the receiver is viable, and to understand where improvements can be made. For the next demonstrator a new horn design and active OMT will be implemented. It will also include a new SDR, and a custom-made analogue receiver rack that conditions both polarizations to be captured with a wide bandwidth SDR.

If you want to hear more about this amazing project and see the very latest observations, come to the special astro-lunch talk on 9 April in the Auditorium where more results will be presented. Jason Hessels will talk about the science potential of the ALF receiver and Mark Ruiter will discuss the technical design and next steps.

Colloquia

May 1, 2022

The Commensal Radio Astronomy FAST Survey (CRAFTS)

The Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST) has released its first call for proposal and will be open to the international community next year. Based on a novel technique of high-cadence CAL injection, we have realized the world's first calibrated commensal survey mode, simultaneously taking data for pulsar search, HI galaxies, HI imaging, and FRBs. I introduce here one of the major survey plans, namely, the Commensal Radio Astronomy FAST Survey (CRAFTS, Li et al. 2018), which has discovered more than 100 new pulsars, including a few dozen MSPs, 5 new FRBs, including one new repeater. I will also briefly describe recent FAST results from CRAFTS and other dedicated programs, including new insights into the characteristic energy of FRBs, the formation process of neutron stars, the evolution of interstellar medium, etc.
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May 14, 2022

Extreme UV Emission: Bridging Galaxy Evolution Across Cosmic Time

In the last few years, our first glimpse of the spectral properties of z∼5−7 galaxies has emerged. Deep UV spectra have revealed prominent high-ionization nebular emission lines (i.e., C IV, He II, C III]) indicating that extreme radiation fields may be characteristic of reionization-era systems. While such strong high-ionization emission lines are atypical of the well-studied z∼0−3 galaxy samples, our recent UV spectral campaigns have revealed several galaxies with analogous emission-line features to reionization-era systems. I will discuss the recent detection of extremely strong UV emission in nearby galaxies and the potential sources of their very hard ionizing radiation fields. Such strong detections of high-ionization emission lines have been linked to the leakage of Lyman continuum (LyC) photons (necessary for reionization) both theoretically and observationally. These extreme UV emission-line dwarf galaxies provide a template for the extreme conditions that are important for reionization, however their features are still poorly understood. In preparation for the coming UV window onto the early universe with the advent of ELTs and JWST, I will introduce the COS Legacy Archival Spectroscopic SurveY - an upcoming large HST program designed to disentangle the stellar and nebular spectral signatures of 45 star-forming galaxies. This program will calibrate new UV diagnostics that will allow us to trace galaxy evolution to the distant universe, unveiling the properties of reionization-era galaxies.
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