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SBe Day 2026

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On Wednesday 22 April, the Smart Back-end group organised its annual SBe day! It was a long day, filled with useful discussions, followed by some serious engineering.

We kicked off the day with a discussion about AI and a brainstorm session to select related topics that we should include on our technology roadmap. Many interesting ideas came up, ranging from adaptive signal processing to agentic research assistants. You may see the topics back on the technology roadmap.

After the intensive brainstorm session, followed by a much needed lunch at Hotel Westerburcht, we visited our offices in Westerbork. Here we set out to create a radio telescope (front to back-end), following in the footsteps of our SDCO colleagues, who built cantennas (paint can feeds) in 2023. We used Michiel's recipe to create these cantennas to observe HI, but we couldn't just do the exact same activity again, so we turned it up a notch and also set out to master the art of building an entire radio dish. Since we have over 20 well-trained (software) engineers, we did not stop at one dish but built two.

To accomplish this enormous feat, we split up in a few teams covering back-end, front-end, and mechanical aspects of the telescope. The back-end group focused on the software and the front-end team was busy soldering and carefully calibrating the feeds (cantennas), while the mechanical group was building dishes out of blood, sweat, tears, chicken wire, an umbrella and aluminium foil. We successfully detected the neutral hydrogen line with and without both dishes. For the umbrella telescope, the HI-line was clearer with the dish than without, which is a clear sign that the cantenna was close to a focal point. For the chicken wire telescope, there was a hydrogen line detection, but not as strong as with the feed alone looking up, demonstrating that we need better than 15cm surface accuracy.

All in all, it was a super fun day with a lovely sunny afternoon; truly perfect weather for building a telescope! And as highlight of the day: the aluminium foil umbrella telescope outperformed our wildest expectations.

Colloquia

May 1, 2022

The Commensal Radio Astronomy FAST Survey (CRAFTS)

The Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST) has released its first call for proposal and will be open to the international community next year. Based on a novel technique of high-cadence CAL injection, we have realized the world's first calibrated commensal survey mode, simultaneously taking data for pulsar search, HI galaxies, HI imaging, and FRBs. I introduce here one of the major survey plans, namely, the Commensal Radio Astronomy FAST Survey (CRAFTS, Li et al. 2018), which has discovered more than 100 new pulsars, including a few dozen MSPs, 5 new FRBs, including one new repeater. I will also briefly describe recent FAST results from CRAFTS and other dedicated programs, including new insights into the characteristic energy of FRBs, the formation process of neutron stars, the evolution of interstellar medium, etc.
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May 14, 2022

Extreme UV Emission: Bridging Galaxy Evolution Across Cosmic Time

In the last few years, our first glimpse of the spectral properties of z∼5−7 galaxies has emerged. Deep UV spectra have revealed prominent high-ionization nebular emission lines (i.e., C IV, He II, C III]) indicating that extreme radiation fields may be characteristic of reionization-era systems. While such strong high-ionization emission lines are atypical of the well-studied z∼0−3 galaxy samples, our recent UV spectral campaigns have revealed several galaxies with analogous emission-line features to reionization-era systems. I will discuss the recent detection of extremely strong UV emission in nearby galaxies and the potential sources of their very hard ionizing radiation fields. Such strong detections of high-ionization emission lines have been linked to the leakage of Lyman continuum (LyC) photons (necessary for reionization) both theoretically and observationally. These extreme UV emission-line dwarf galaxies provide a template for the extreme conditions that are important for reionization, however their features are still poorly understood. In preparation for the coming UV window onto the early universe with the advent of ELTs and JWST, I will introduce the COS Legacy Archival Spectroscopic SurveY - an upcoming large HST program designed to disentangle the stellar and nebular spectral signatures of 45 star-forming galaxies. This program will calibrate new UV diagnostics that will allow us to trace galaxy evolution to the distant universe, unveiling the properties of reionization-era galaxies.
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